| Keith
Haring (1958 - 1990)
Keith Haring was born on May 4, 1958 in Reading, Pennsylvania, and was raised in nearby Kutztown, Pennsylvania. He developed a love for drawing at a very early age, learning basic cartooning skills from his father and from the popular culture around him, such as Dr. Seuss and Walt Disney.
Upon graduation from high school in 1976, Haring enrolled in the Ivy School of Professional Art in Pittsburgh, a commercial arts school. He soon realized that he had little interest in becoming a commercial graphic artist and, after two semesters, dropped out. While in Pittsburgh, Haring continued to study and work on his own and in 1978 had a solo exhibition of his work at the Pittsburgh Arts and Crafts Center.
Later that same year, Haring moved to New York City and enrolled in the School of Visual Arts (SVA). In New York, Haring found a thriving alternative art community that was developing outside the gallery and museum system, in the downtown streets, the subways and spaces in clubs and former dance halls. Here he became friends with fellow artists Kenny Scharf and Jean-Michel Basquiat, as well as the musicians, performance artists and graffiti writers that comprised the burgeoning art community. Haring was swept up in the energy and spirit of this scene and began to organize and participate in exhibitions and performances at Club 57 and other alternative venues.
In addition to being impressed by the innovation and energy of his contemporaries, Haring was also inspired by the work of Jean Dubuffet, Pierre Alechinsky, William Burroughs, Brion Gysin and Robert Henri’s manifesto The Art Spirit, which asserted the fundamental independence of the artist. With these influences Haring was able to push his own youthful impulses toward a singular kind of graphic expression based on the primacy of the line. Also drawn to the public and participatory nature of Christo’s work, in particular Running Fence, and by Andy Warhol’s unique fusion of art and life, Haring was determined to devote his career to creating a truly public art.
As a student at SVA, Haring experimented with performance, video, installation and collage, while always maintaining a strong commitment to drawing. In 1980, Haring found a highly effective medium that allowed him to communicate with the wider audience he desired, when he noticed the unused advertising panels covered with matte black paper in a subway station. He began to create drawings in white chalk upon these blank paper panels throughout the subway system. Between 1980 and 1985, Haring produced hundreds of these public drawings in rapid rhythmic lines, sometimes creating as many as forty “subway drawings” in one day. This seamless flow of images became familiar to New York commuters, who often would stop to engage the artist when they encountered him at work. The subway became, as Haring said, a “laboratory” for working out his ideas and experimenting with his simple lines.
Between 1980 and 1986, Haring achieved international recognition and participated in numerous group and solo exhibitions. His first solo exhibition in New York, held at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in 1982, was immensely popular and received critical acclaim. During this period, he participated in highly renowned international survey exhibitions such as Documenta 7 in Kassel Germany, the São Paulo Biennial and the Whitney Biennial. Haring completed numerous public projects in the first half of the 80’s as well, ranging from an animation for the Spectracolor billboard in Times Square, designing sets and backdrops for theaters and clubs, to developing watch designs for Swatch and creating murals worldwide.
In April 1986, Haring opened the Pop Shop, a retail store in Soho selling T-shirts, toys, posters, buttons and magnets bearing his images. Haring considered the shop to be an extension of his work and painted the entire interior of the store in an abstract black on white mural, creating a striking and unique retail environment. The shop was intended to allow people greater access to his work, which was now readily available on products at a low cost. The shop received criticism from many in the art world, however Haring remained committed to his desire to make his artwork available to as wide an audience as possible, and received strong support for his project from friends, fans and mentors including Andy Warhol.
Throughout his career, Haring devoted much of his time to public works, which often carried social messages. He produced more than 50 public artworks between 1982 and 1989, in dozens of cities around the world, many of which were created for charities, hospitals, children’s day care centers and orphanages. The now famous Crack is Wack mural of 1986 has become a landmark along New York’s FDR Drive. Other projects include; a mural created for the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty in 1986, on which Haring worked with 900 children; a mural on the exterior of Necker Children’s Hospital in Paris, France in 1987; and a mural painted on the western side of the Berlin Wall three years before its fall. Haring also held drawing workshops for children in schools and museums in New York, Amsterdam, London, Tokyo and Bordeaux, and produced imagery for many literacy programs and other public service campaigns.
Haring was diagnosed with AIDS in 1988. In 1989, he established the Keith Haring Foundation, its mandate being to provide funding and imagery to AIDS organizations and children’s programs, and to expand the audience for Haring’s work through exhibitions, publications and the licensing of his images. Haring enlisted his imagery during the last years of his life to speak about his own illness and generate activism and awareness about AIDS.
During a brief but intense career that spanned the 1980s, Haring’s work was featured in over 100 solo and group exhibitions. In 1986 alone, he was the subject of more than 40 newspaper and magazine articles. He was highly sought after to participate in special projects and collaborated with artists and performers such as Madonna, Grace Jones, Bill T. Jones, William Burroughs, Timothy Leary, Jenny Holzer and Andy Warhol. By expressing universal concepts of birth, death, love, sex and war, using a primacy of line and directness of message, Haring was able to attract a wide audience and assure the accessibility and staying power of his imagery, which has become a universally recognized visual language of the 20th century.
Keith Haring died of AIDS related complications at the age of 31 on February 16, 1990. A memorial service was held on May 4, 1990 at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, with over 1,000 people in attendance.
Since his death, he has been the subject of several international retrospectives. The work of Keith Haring can be seen today in the exhibitions and collections of major museums around the world.
2007
Keith Haring Graphics (Exhibition Catalogue, Egon Schiele Centrum, Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic)
-- Exhibition Catalogue
-- Egon Schiele Centrum, Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic
2006
Where Are We Going?
-- Selections from the François Pinault Collection at Palazzo Grassi, Venice, Italy
-- Exhibition Catalogue
-- Skira Editore, Milan, Italy
New York, New York: 50 Years of Art, Architecture, Photography, Film and Video
-- Exhibition Catalogue
-- Skira Editore, Milan, Italy
Motion on Paper
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Ben Brown Fine Arts, London, UK
Weltsprache Abstraktion: Gestalt, Magie, Zeichen
-- Exhibition Catalogue
-- Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany
When We Were Young
-- Exhibition Catalogue
-- University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
Faster! Bigger! Better!
-- Exhibition Catalogue
-- ZKM/Museum fur Neue Kunst, Karlsruhe with Walter Konig, Cologne
The Downtown Book: The New York Art Scene 1974-1984
-- various authors
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Princeton University Press
-- Grey Art Gallery, New York University
Keith Haring: Journey of the Radiant Baby
-- Reading Public Museum, various authors
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Bunker Hill Publishing, Piermont, NH
2005
Keith Haring Sculptures (Exhibition Catalogue)
-- by David Galloway
-- Deitch Projects, New York, New, USA
-- Galerie Jerome de Noirmont, Paris, France
On the Fence: Keith Haring's Mural for the Haggerty, 1983
-- Curtis L. Carter
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Haggerty Museum of Art
-- Marquette University, Marquette, Wisconsin
Daumen Kino: The Flip Book Exhibition
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, Germany
-- Snoeck Verlag, Cologne, Germany
Keith Haring: Memoria Urbana
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Fundacion ICO, Madrid, Spain
Perfect Painting: 40 Years Galerie Hans Mayer
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Langen Foundation, Dusseldorf, Germany
Picturing America: Selections from the Whitney Museum of American Art
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Japan
L'Art a la Plage #4: Keith Haring, David Galloway, et al
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Galerie Enrico Navarra, Paris, France
Keith Haring, David Galloway
-- Ben Brown Fine Arts, London, UK
The Keith Haring Show
-- various authors
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Skira Editore, Milan, Italy
Keith Haring a Milano
-- Alessandra Galasso
-- Johan & Levi, Milan, Italy
Keith Haring Coloring Book Drawings
-- David Shapiro
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Briggs Robinson Gallery, New York, NY
Dance of the Avant-Garde: Paintings, sets and costumes from Degas to Picasso, from Matisse to Keith Haring
-- various authors
-- Exhibition Catalogue, Skira Editore, Milan, Italy
2004
Me! Self-Portraits of the 20th Century, (Exhibition Catalogue)
-- by Pascal Bonafoux
-- Musee du Luxembourg, Paris, France
-- Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy
-- published by Skira Editore, Milan, Italy
Not Afraid. Rubell Family Collection
-- Mark Coetzee
-- published by Phaidon Press, Ltd, London, UK
Third International Sculpture Festival of Monte-Carlo (Exhibition Catalogue)
-- by Guy Rosolato
-- Direction des Affaires Culturelles, Monaco
The Eclectic Eye: Selections from the Frederick R. Weisman Art Foundation
-- by Richard Koshalek, et al
-- Frederick R. Weisman Art Foundation, Los Angeles, California
The Andy Warhol Show exhibition catalogue
--Triennale di Milano, Milan, Italy
-- published by Skira, Editore, Milan, Italy
A Collection’s Vision
-- by Agnes Husslein-Arco, et al
-- Museum der Moderne Salzburg. Austria
-- published by Prestel Verlag, Munich, Germany
East Village USA Exhibition Catalogue
-- Dan Cameron, et al
-- New Museum, New York, New York, USA
Keith Haring
-- Alexandra Kolossa
-- published by Taschen, Cologne, Germany
Happy Birthday! (Exhibition Catalogue)
--Galerie Jerome de Noirmont, Paris, France
2003
Keith Haring in Pisa - Chronicle of a Mural
-- texts by Omar Calabrese, Roberta Cecchi, Piergiorgio Castellani
--photography by Antonio Bardelli, Cippi Pitschen.
-- (Edizioni ETS, Pisa, Italy)
Keith Haring, (exhibition catalogue)
-- text by Joshua Decter. (Centro Cultural de Banco do Brasil, Sao Paulo)
The Daimler Chrysler Collection (exhibition catalogue)
-- Museum fur Neue Kunst, Karlsruhe, Germany
-- Cantz, Stuttgart, Germany
2002
Keith Haring: Short Messages. Posters 1982-1990 (exhibition catalogue)
-- Prestel Verlag, Munich, Germany
2001
Keith Haring Diarios
-- Galaxia Gutenberg, Barcelona, Spain
Keith Haring Diari
-- Mondadori Editore, Milan, Italy
Keith Haring: Heaven & Hell (exhibition catalogue)
-- Museum fur Neue Kunst, Karlsruhe, Germany
-- Cantz, Stuttgart, Germany
Japser Johns to Jeff Koons: Four Decades of Art from the Broad Collections (exhibition catalogue)
-- by Stephanie Barron
-- Los Angeles Contemporary Museum of Art
-- with Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, New York
2000
Keith Haring (exhibition catalogue)
-- Amos Anderson Museum, Helsinki, Finland
Keith Haring: The SVA Years 1978-1980 (exhibition catalogue)
-- School of Visual Arts, New York, NY
Dire AIDS: Art in the Age of AIDS (exhibition catalogue)
-- Castello di Rivoli, Torino, Italy
-- Charta, Milano, Italy
Keith Haring (exhibition catalogue)
-- Ludwig Forum, Aachen
Hague Sculpture 2000: Man in Motion (exhibition catalogue)
-- The Hague Sculpture 2000, Hague, Holland
Keith Haring (exhibition catalogue)
-- Chiostro del Bramante, Rome, Italy
-- Electa, Milano, Italy
Keith Haring
-- Art e Dossier, Renato Barilli, Giunti, Florence, Italy
1999
Keith Haring (exhibition catalogue)
-- Art Life Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
LOVE.
-- Bulfinch Press, New York, New York
DANCE.
-- Bulfinch Press, New York, New York
Keith Haring (exhibition catalogue)
-- Peter Gwyther Gallery, London, UK
The Virginia and Bagley Wright Collection (exhibition catalogue)
-- Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington
Keith Haring - 12 Sculptures (exhibition catalogue)
-- Galerie Jerome de Noirmont, Paris, France
Keith Haring: Made in France. (Exhibition Folio)
-- Musee Maillol, Paris, France
Souvenir of Keith Haring. (exhibition catalogue)
-- Casino Knokke, Belgium
Keith Haring, (exhibition catalogue)
-- Palazzo Lanfranchi, Pisa, Italy
-- Electa, Milano, Italy
1998
BIG
-- Hyperion Books for Children, New York, New York
TEN
-- Hyperion Books for Children, New York, New York
Art Performs Life: Merce Cunningham/Meredith Monk/Bill T. Jones (exhibition catalogue)
-- Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Ideal and Reality (exhibition catalogue)
-- Rupertinum, Salzburg, Austria
-- Peter Weiermair
-- Edition Stemmle, Zurich, Switzerland
Die Bibel des 20. Jahrhunderts
-- Pattloch Verlag und Weltbild Verlag GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
1997
Keith Haring (exhibition catalogue)
-- Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York
-- Foreword by David A. Ross
-- Essays by Elisabeth Sussman, David Frankel, Jeffrey Deitch, Ann Magnuson, Robert Farris Thompson, Robert Pincus Witten
-- Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York
-- and Little, Brown & Co. Boston, Massachusetts
Keith Haring Journals (Paperback edition)
-- Preface by David Hockney
-- Introduction by Robert Farris Thompson
-- Penguin USA, New York, New York
Keith Haring: I Wish I Didn't Have to Sleep (Adventures in Art series)
-- by Desiree la Valette
-- Prestel Verlag, Munich, Germany
Goodbye to Berlin? 100 Jahre Schwulenbewegung (exhibition catalogue)
-- Scwhules Museum, Akademie der Kunste
-- Verlag Rosa Winkel, Berlin, Germany.
In Your Face: Keith Haring, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Kenny Scharf
-- Essay: Richard Marshall
-- Leo Malca, New York, New York
American Graffiti. (exhibition catalogue)
-- Museo del Castelnuovo, Naples
-- Chiostro del Bramante, Rome, Italy
-- Essays by: Achille Bonito Oliva, Jack Stewart, Enrico Pedrini, Wolfganag Becker, Vittoria Coen, Greg Tate, Luca Guadagnino, Giovanni Spagnoletti, Pier Giorgio Castellani
-- Electa Napoli, Italy
Keith Haring on Park Avenue
-- Introduction by Tom Eccles and Susan Freedman
-- Essay by David Galloway
-- Andre Emmerich Gallery, New York, New York
1995
Keith Haring: Works on Paper 1989. (exhibition catalogue)
-- Andre Emmerich Gallery
-- Essay: Alexandra Anderson-Spivy
-- Published by the Estate of Keith Haring, New York City
In a Different Light: Visual Culture, Sexual Identity, Queer Practice.
-- City Lights Books, San Francisco, California
From Beyond the Pale: Art and Artists at the Edge of Consensus.
-- Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin, Ireland
Unser Jahrhundert. Menschenbilder-Bilderwelten (exhibition catalogue)
-- Marc Scheps
-- Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany
-- Prestel Verlag, Munich, Germany
Mit dem Auge des Kindes (exhibition catalogue)JonathanFineberg
-- Lenbachhaus, Kunstbau, Munich
-- Kunstmuseum Bern, Switzerland
-- Verlag Gerd Hatje, Stuttgart, Germany
Temporarily Possessed: The Semi-Permanent Collection (exhibition catalogue)
-- New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York City, New York
1994
Keith Haring (exhibition catalogue)
-- by Germano Celant
-- Exhibition Catalogue-Italian, Swedish, German, Hebrew, English and Spanish Editions
-- Charta Publishing, Milan, Italy
Excerpt:
Haring's Metropolitan Olympus
by Germano Celant
"Basing his work on the invention of calligraphic or comic strip personalities, typical of a mass media generation, he elaborated a language inspired by cut-up and by the surrealist montage of the cadavre exquis, disconnecting the fantastic circuit and bringing it into another era of artistic communication. The intent was to interrupt the symbolic and iconic sequences in order to carry out a discursiveness, a process of deconditioning from the viral mechanism of technology and the mass media, but at the same time to create writing in images, exemplified and easily comprehensible, that would produce a devastating incursion into the linguistic territory of traditional art, since it was inspired by the pictograms of Afro-Sino-Latin American cultures. This became a hieroglyphic language, the decoding of which could be shared by all the ethnic New York communities, not only by the WASP world."
1993
Keith Haring: A Retrospective
-- Germano Celant
-- Mitsukoshi Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan
Keith Haring, Complete Editions on Paper, 1982-1990.
-- Klaus Littmann and Werner Jehle
-- Cantz Publishing, Stuttgart, Germany
1992
From Media to Metaphor: Art About AIDS.
-- Robert Atkins and Thomas Sokolowski
-- Independent Curators, Inc., New York City, New York
Keith Haring.
-- Barry Blindermann, William S. Burroughs
-- Reprint of Future Primeval Exhibition Catalog
-- Abbeville Press, New York City
Allegories of Modernism.
--by Bernice Rose
-- Museum of Modern Art, New York City
The Power of the City/The City of Power.
-- Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City
Keith Haring, Andy Warhol, Walt Disney
-- by Bruce Kurtz
-- Phoenix Museum of Art, Arizona
Keith Haring.
-- by Germano Celant
-- PrestelVerlag, Munich, Germany
Coming from the Subway
-- Groninger Museum, Holland
1991
Keith Haring: The Authorized Biography
-- John Gruen
-- Simon & Schuster, New York City
I Love Art
-- Etsuko Watari
-- Watari-Um,Tokyo, Japan
Echt Falsch
-- Mondadori, Milan,Italy
Myth and Magic in America: The 80s
-- by Guillermina Olmedo
-- Museo d'arte Contemporanea, Monterrey, Mexico
The Art of Mickey Mouse
-- John Updike
-- Disney Publications, Los Angeles, California
Textile Designs: 200 Years of European and American Patterns for Printed Fabrics
-- Susan Meller and Joost Elffers
-- Abrams, New York City
Les Couleurs D'Argent
-- Musee dela Poste, Paris
1991 Biennial Exhibition
-- Whitney Museum of American Art
-- and W.W. Norton, New York City
Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back at the 80s.
-- by Robert Storr
-- Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia
Compassion and Protest: Recent Social and Political Art from the Broad Family Collection.
-- San Jose Museum of Art,California
Cruciformed: Images of the Cross since 1980
-- Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art
In the Vernacular: Interviews at Yale with Sculptors of Culture
-- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
1990
Keith Haring: A Memorial Exhibition.
-- Introduction: Tony Shafrazi
-- Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York City
Keith Haring
-- Galerie de Poche,Paris
Keith Haring
-- Philip Samuels Fine Art, St. Louis, Missouri
Future Primeval
-- Barry Blindermanand others
-- University of Illinois, Normal
Against All Odds
-- Text and drawings:Keith Haring
-- Bebert Publishing, Rotterdam, Holland and
-- Mr. & Mrs. Donald Rubell, New York City, New York
K. Haring
-- Introduction: Sam Havadtoy
-- Gallery 56, Geneva, Switzerland
Subway Drawings.
-- Introduction:Nikolaus Sonne and Christian Holzfuss
-- Edition Achenbach, Galerie NikolausSonne, Berlin, Germany
The Last Decade: American Artists of the 80s.
-- Robert Pincus-Witten
-- Collins & Milazzo and Tony Shafrazi Gallery, NewYork City
1989
Eight Ball.
-- by Keith Haring
-- KyotoShoin, Tokyo, Japan
1988
Keith Haring 1988
-- Introduction: Martin Blinder
-- essay: Dan Cameron
-- Martin Lawrence Limited Editions, Van Nuys, California)
Collaborations: Andy Warhol, Jean-Michel Basquiat.
-- Introduction: Keith Haring
-- Mayor Rowan Gallery, London, U.K.
The Dog In Art from Rococo to Post-Modernism.
-- by Robert Rosenblum
-- Harry N. Abrams, New York
1987
Avant-Garde in the Eighties.
-- Text:Howard N. Fox
-- Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California
Kunst aus den achtziger Jahren.
-- Text: Sabine Fehlemann, Raimund Thomas
-- A II Art Forum Thomas, Munich, West Germany
Comic Iconoclasm.
-- Text: various authors
-- Institute of Contemporary Art, London, U.K.
L'Epoque, La Mode, La Morale, La Passion: Aspectsde l'Art d' Aujourd'hui, 1977-1987.
-- Centre Georges Pompidou,Paris, France
Digital Visions: Computers and Art.
-- Text: Cynthia Goodman
-- Harry N. Abrams, New York
Skulptur Projekte in Munster 1987.
-- Text: Klaus Bussman, Kasper Konig
-- Dumont Buchverlag, Cologne, West Germany
Luna Luna
-- Essay: Hilde Spiel
-- Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich, West Germany
1986
An American Renaissance: Painting and Sculpture Since 1940.
-- Text: various authors (Abbeville Press, New York
Keith Haring: Paintings, Drawings and a Vellum.
-- Text: Jeffrey Deitch
-- Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Holland
Art After Midnight: The East Village Scene.
-- Text: Steven Hager
-- St. Martin's Press, New York
Input/Output.
-- Editors: Time-Life Books
-- Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia
What It Is
-- Editor: Wilfried Dickhof
-- Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York
Art in Transit (Japanese Edition)
-- Introduction: Henry Geldzahler
-- text: Keith Haring
-- photographs: Tseng KwongChi
-- Kawade Shobo Shinsha, Tokyo, Japan
1985
Beyond the Canvas.
-- Introduction: Leo Castelli
-- text and photos: Gian Franco Gorgoni
-- Rizzoli International Publications, New York
America.
-- Text and photos: Andy Warhol
-- Harper & Row Publishers, New York
Notes form the Pop Underground.
-- Editor: Peter Belsito
-- The Last Gasp of San Francisco, Berkeley, California
Keith Haring: Peintures, Sculptures et Dessins
-- Text: Jean-Louis Froment, Brion Gysin, Sylvie Couderc
-- Musee d'Art Contemporainde Bordeaux, France
New York 85
-- Text: Roger Pailhas, Jean-Louis Marcos, Marcellin Pleynet
-- ARCA Centre díArt Contemporain,Marseille, France
1984
Pittsburgh Center for the Arts
-- Text: Fidel Marquez
-- photographs: Tseng Kwong Chi
The Human Condition
-- Text: HenryHopkins
-- San Francisco Museum of Miranda McClintic
-- Smithsonian Institution,Washington, D.C.
Primitivism
-- Editor: William Rubin
-- The Museum of Modern Art, New York
New Art.
-- Editors: Phyllis Freeman, Eric Himmel, Edith Pavese, Anne Yarowsky
-- Harry N. Abrams, New York
Untitled 84
-- Introduction: Robert Pincus-Witten
-- text and photos: Roland Hagenberg
-- Pelham Press, New York
Hip-Hop
-- Text: Steven Hager
-- St.Martin's Press, New York
Art in Transit
-- Introduction: Henry Geldzahler
-- text: Keith Haring
-- photographs: Tseng Kwong Chi
-- Harmony Books,New York
Art at Work: The Chase Manhattan Collection
-- Text: various authors
-- E.P. Dutton, New York
1983
Champions
-- Essays: Tony Shafrazi
Tendencias en Nueva York.
Back to the U.S.A.
-- Text: KlausHonnef
-- Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Bonn und Rheinland-Verlag
1982
Keith Haring
-- Text: Robert Pincus-Witten, Jeffrey Deitch, David Shapiro
-- Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York
Rotterdam Arts Council
-- Essay: Richard Flood
Marlborough Gallery
-- Essay: Diego Cortez
Drawings: Keith Haring
-- Appearances Press.
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